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The word "boolean" spelled out with wooden black-letter blocks atop a white floor and white backdrop both covered with a code pattern.
Boolean algebra

The English mathematician George Boole first laid out the principles of Boolean algebra, in which the variables can only be true or false, around 1850. This algebra is essentially two-valued.

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Close-up of a knot between two copper wires with yellow and green coloring in splotches around the knot area.
Color-changing fibers help reveal mysteries of how knots work

Researchers have developed simple mathematical rules that can determine the relative strength of various knots based only on the knots’ topology.

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Ingrid Daubechies seen from waist up and wearing a gray jacket with a whiteboard with equations and schematics on it in the background
Ingrid Daubechies

She won a 2011 Benjamin Franklin Medal for fundamental discoveries in the field of compact representations of data, leading to efficient image compression as used in digital photography.

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a mound-shaped illustration of individual blue-gray round smiley faces with left and right antenna-like features on their heads, with a key at left identifying the faces as Martian and that there are 200 of them in the mound. A scale at bottom runs from 30 at left to 50 at right, with a key saying "Height (cm)"
Primer of Biostatistics

This book by Stanton Glantz includes the technical material covered in any introductory statistics course and is organized around hypothesis testing and estimation of treatment effects.

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